220Volt to 12Volt Converter:
This figure shows that the converter is made of CMOS 4047 which is the original component of this small voltage converter which converts a 12VDC to 220VAC. 4047 is used as an astable multivibrator, pins 10 and 11 have a symmetrical rectangular signal which is amplified through two Darlington transistors and finally, reaches the secondary coil of the main transformer.
Diagram of 220Volt to 12Volt Converter wiring diagram:
Materials Need for this Project:
You can get the Materials from any of the sites below:
1. DC LED Bulb
2. 1k Resisitor
3. 1A Fuse
4. N4007 Diode
5. LM7812 Transistor
6. 1000UF (50V) Capacitor
7. 17V Transformer
Materials used to make the 220V to 12V Converter:
1. DC LED Bulb
LED (Light Emitting Diode) is generally a type of diode that emits light at a specific voltage. These LED bulbs actually operate at a very low voltage such as 2~3 volts. When light is emitted and the diode is forward biased, the free electrons in the n-type semiconductor gain electrical energy from the DC source and move from the balance band to the conduction band and under the influence of electric stress, current flows through the junction to the p-type. In p-type most of the carrier holes are located in the valence band. This is basically how the p-n junction becomes a light source.
2. 1k Resisitor
The function of a resistor is to block current flow or drop voltage in an electronic circuit. In a word, the function of a resistor is to prevent the flow of electricity. When we know about electronics, the first name that comes up is resistor system. It is actually a common component of electronics. This material is used in every electronic circuit. A resistor is a very familiar component to those who work with electronics. It has a special function. This resistance is denoted by R. whose unit is ohm (Ω). The figure below shows some resistor symbols that are used on various circuit boards and circuit diagrams.
3. 1A Fuse
A fuse is an electrical or electronic mechanical device that primarily protects a circuit from excessive current or overload. The metal of the fuse is made or designed in such a way that it carries a very small amount of current. When short-circuited or overloaded, the high-current current generates thermal heat that melts the metal or material of the fuse and creates a gap. This gap essentially impedes the flow of current in the fuse. This is how a fuse works. If the fuse is once blown or damaged it must be replaced to allow current to flow again in the circuit.
4. N4007 Diode
The word diode is a combination of two words, 'die' and 'electrode' so we can generally say that an electronic component with two electrodes is a diode. A diode or rectifier is used in many ways in electronics. However, the main function of a diode or rectifier in electronics is to convert AC current to DC current and make the current constant. This process of converting AC to DC is called rectification. When current is supplied to the diode, it cannot return because the diode has negative to positive, denoted by P and N. Here P means anode positive RN means cathode negative.
5. LM7812 Transistor
Transistor is basically a semiconductor device, used as an amplifier and electrically controlled switch. Transistors are used as the basic building blocks in computers, cellular phones and all other modern electronics. According to the structure of the electronic transistor, the transistor is made by combining 2 diodes. For example, if you know that a diode has a p-n junction, adding another p to it creates a p-n-p transistor. This is a basic concept. Currently, transistors are not made this way. Transistors are made in more advanced ways.
6. 1000UF (50V) Capacitor
A capacitor is basically an electrical charge storage device or an electrically passive device that can store charge. Its Bengali meaning is "container" which means it can hold an electrical charge. A device made by placing a non-conductive material (dielectric) between two conductive plates separating the two plates is basically called a capacitor. A capacitor usually consists of a dielectric material between two conductive layers. A capacitor in a circuit stores electrical energy or charge from a source. Another popular name is condenser.
7. 17V Transformer
This figure shows 2 types of transformer step-up and step-down. The transformer has a 240V primary winding and a center-tapped secondary winding. The electrical transformer has colored insulated connecting leads which (about 100mm long). The transformer generally works as a step-down transformer that steps down AC - 240V to AC - 6v, 9v and 12V.
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